2050 low-carbon economy 2050 年的低碳經濟發展

  The European Commission is looking at cost-efficient ways to make the European economy more climate-friendly and less energy-consuming.

Its low-carbon economy roadmap suggests that:

• By 2050, the EU should cut greenhouse gas emissions to 80% below 1990 levels

• Milestones to achieve this are 40% emissions cuts by 2030 and 60% by 2040

• All sectors need to contribute

• The low-carbon transition is feasible & affordable .

歐盟委員會正在尋找具有成本效益的方法，使歐洲經濟更加氣候友好，耗能更少。

其低碳經濟路線圖表明：

• 到2050年，歐盟應該將溫室氣體排放量減少到比 1990年水平低80％

• 實現這一目標的里程碑是到2030年減排40％ ， 到2040年減排60％

• 所有部門都需要貢獻

• 低碳轉型是可行的和負擔得起的 。

80% by 2050  2025 年減少80%碳排放

The roadmap suggests that, by 2050 , the EU should cut its emissions to 80% below 1990 levels through domestic reductions alone (ie rather than relying on international credits).

   This is in line with EU leaders' commitment to reducing emissions by 80-95% by 2050 in the context of similar reductions to be taken by developed countries as a group.

To reach this goal, the EU must make continued progress towards a low-carbon society. Clean technologies play an important role.

Milestones  里程碑的到來

Early action saves costs later. If we postpone action, we will have to reduce emissions much more drastically at a later stage.

The roadmap sets out a cost-efficient pathway to reach the 80% target by 2050.

To get there, Europe's emissions should be

• 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 (this target was already endorsed as part of the 2030 framework )

• 60% below by 2040.

Emissions cuts by sector  排放量大減

All sectors need to contribute to the low-carbon transition according to their technological and economic potential.

Action in all main sectors responsible for Europe's emissions – power generation, industry, transport, buildings, construction and agriculture – will be needed, but differences exist between sectors on the amount of reductions that can be expected.

 Possible 80% cut in greenhouse gas emissions in the EU (100%=1990)

年份	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2025	2030	2035	2040	2045	2050
Non CO2 非二氧化碳 Agriculture農業	11%	10%	10%	9%	8%	7%	7%	7%	7%	7%	6%	6%	6%
Transport運輸	15%	16%	18%	19%	19%	20%	19%	18%	16%	14%	10%	8%	6%
Industry 工業	25%	22%	21%	20%	18%	17%	17%	16%	15%	13%	10%	6%	4%
Non CO2 Other Sectors	10%	9%	8%	7%	7%	5%	4%	4%	3%	3%	3%	3%	3%
Residential & Tertiary	14%	14%	13%	14%	13%	12%	11%	10%	9%	8%	6%	4%	2%
Power sector	25%	23%	23%	24%	23%	22%	17%	12%	9%	6%	3%	1%	0%
Current Policy	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%	3%	10%	11%	17%	25%	35%	41%

Power generation & distribution 發電與分配電力

The power sector has the biggest potential for cutting emissions. It can almost totally eliminate CO 2emissions by 2050.

Electricity could partially replace fossil fuels in transport and heating.

Electricity will come from renewable sources like wind, solar, water and biomass or other low-emission sources like nuclear power plants or fossil fuel power stations equipped with carbon capture & storage technology. This will also require strong investments in smart grids .

More details in the 2050 roadmap for energy.

Transport 交通運輸排放

   Emissions from transport could be reduced to more than 60% below 1990 levels by 2050.  In the short term, most progress can be found in petrol and diesel engines that could still be made more fuel-efficient .

In the mid- to long-term, plug-in hybrid and electric cars will allow for steeper emissions reductions.

Biofuels will be increasingly used in aviation and road haulage, as not all heavy goods vehicles will run on electricity in future.

Buildings

Emissions from houses and office buildings can be almost completely cut – by around 90% in 2050.

Energy performance will improve drastically through:

• passive housing technology in new buildings

• refurbishing old buildings to improve energy efficiency

• substituting electricity and renewables for fossil fuels in heating, cooling & cooking

Investments can be recovered over time through reduced energy bills.

Industry

Energy intensive industries could cut emissions by more than 80% by 2050.

The technologies used will get cleaner and more energy-efficient.

Up to 2030 and just beyond, CO 2 emissions would fall gradually through further decreases in energy intensity .

After 2035, carbon capture & storage technology would be applied to emissions from industries unable to make cuts in any other way (eg steel, cement). This would allow much deeper cuts by 2050.

Non-CO 2 emissions from industry that are part of the EU emissions trading system are already forecast to fall to very low levels.

Agriculture  農業

As global food demand grows, the share of agriculture in the EU's total emissions will rise to about a third by 2050, but reductions are possible.

Agriculture will need to cut emissions from fertilisers, manure and livestock and can contribute to the storage of CO 2 in soils and forests. Changes towards a more healthy diet with more vegetables and less meat can also reduce emissions.

Benefits 優點

The roadmap concludes that the transition to a low-carbon society is feasible and affordable , but requires innovation and investments .

This transition would

• boost Europe's economy thanks to the development of clean technologies and low- or zero-carbon energy , spurring growth and jobs

• help Europe reduce its use ofkey resources like energy, raw materials, land and water

• make the EU less dependent on expensive imports of oil and gas

• bring health benefits – eg through reduced air pollution.

To make the transition, the EU would need to invest an additional €270 billion (or on average 1.5% of its GDP annually) over the next 4 decades.



source: https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/2050_en